The emergence of electronically conducting polymers having fascinating properties has opened up a novel class of polymers suitable for modern applications, including smart soft actuators or ‘artificial muscles”. The ...

In aqueous solutions, the alkali metals ions, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ are known to be associated with a number of H2O molecules. Traditionally, a distinction is made between a primary solvent shell, (or inner solvation ...

Inherently conducting polymers (ICPs) are functional materials featuring significant physical properties. Among a large number of ICPs, some of them exhibit a change in volume considerably when their redox state is altered ...

Conducting polymers (CPs) have gained increasing attention owing to their strong potential as alternatives to their inorganic counterparts. Among several CPs, polypyrrole and polyaniline has been identified as active ...

The hydration numbers of Li+ ions in various concentrated aqueous LiCl electrolytes have been determined using a novel physico-chemical environment of conducting polypyrrole polymer in order to investigate the size of the ...

Conducting polymers have been investigated for long time to be used as soft actuators or artificial muscles. Such actuators’ performance highly depends on electro-chemo-mechanical properties of these polymers. The present ...

Polypyrrole (PPy) conducting polymer films operating in aqueous electrolytes have a shorter cycle life and such a system has, therefore, limited use as far as applications are concerned. This can be rectified to some extent ...