Abstract:
After recitation of Kuran that is considered the greatest miracle of our beloved
prophet who was sent as a mercy to the world sufi poetry began to thrive. The poets
who admired rhetoric and fluency of our holy book were trying to say poetry about
wisdom in accordance with special messages given to the poets in sura Al-shu’ara’
and convey the internal nature of Islam to society in their works. Usually, this great
literary case was breaching out some directions:1) In point of poetic works based on
Kuran alphabet; the forms, being dotted and undotted , grammatical features, wise
meaning of letters, range of images , metaphors and similes was being made.
Especially, some sufi works concerned meaning and content given to Kuran letters
with influence of “ Esrarul-Huruf” by Ibni Arabi and other works in this topic began
to appear. In sufi poetry we also often see codifying of many words their letters and
giving of them in attributes appropriate to every letter. In terms of forms, letters were
used to as elements of mimesis and as subject in literary works . For instance,
sweetheart’s figure is liken to “ elif” for its flattness. Sweetheart’s mouth is described
like letter mim and her eyebrows are shown like letter nune. As human’s face is
likening to Kuran, each line of face is assimilated to different ayes.2) Define meaning
and content are expressed by means of alliteration –association of sound and
harmonies in Kuran. For example, in sura Adiyat the majority of dal and ta sounds
resembles the sound of feet of war-horses that were mentioned in the sura, the sounds
which make vibration effect in sura Zilzal reminds of earthquake. This feature did not
escape poets’ attention. We see very beautiful examples of associations of sound and
harmony at activities of poets such as Mevlana, Fuzuli, and Yunus Emre. 3) Stories
based on Kuran tales and references to these tales in the poem. Turkish Sufi poets
mostly wrote works concerned tales that were about prophets’ lives such as Yusuf,
Suleyman, Davus, Musa, Isa and etc. in Kuran, and they used characters such as
Hazreti Musa, Isa, and Meryem in order to express sufistic meanings, divine truth. 4)
Esoteric meaning, comments, and interpretations of Kuran have been described with
poetic language. For instance, Yunus Emre translated into Turkish language and
describes in poetic language the suras el-gasiye, en-Nebe, en Naziat and other surahs
that tell of judgement day and its horrors in order to prevent people from sins.
Pamphlets written in poetic form in order to explain Kuran philosophy, Islamic
morals. Definite steps of sufistic journey, various religious-philosophic issues to
readers, especially adherents. 5) Sufi treatises written by the poets of Sufi sect in order
the readers, especially the Sufi followers to easily understand and remember the
philosophy of the Noble Quran, morality of Islam, some stages and points of the
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mystical journey, and different religious and philosophical issues. These treatises
contain many examples from the Noble Quran.