Abstract:
Sulfamethazine (SMZ) (1) is an antibacterial sulfa drug which suppresses the synthesis of
dihydrofolic acid. It is used for the treatment of infections in livestock; such as gastrointestinal,
and respiratory tract infections. During the current study, synthesis, characterization,
and evaluation of immunomodulatory activities of derivatives of sulfamethazine (SMZ) (3–
39) was carried out. These derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of sulfamethazine
with a range of acid chlorides. All the compounds were characterized by using modern spectroscopic
techniques, such as 1H-, and 13C-NMR, EI-MS, and HRFAB-MS. Compounds 3–
10, 14, and 15 were identified as new compounds. Immunomodulatory effect of compounds
3–39 on different parameters of innate immune response was evaluated, including the production
of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) from human whole blood and isolated polymorphonuclear
neutrophils (PMNs), nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. All
the new compounds, except 14 and 15, showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity.
Compounds 3–39 were also evaluated for their anti-bacterial activity and cytotoxicity (3T3
mouse fibroblast cell lines). All the compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic against normal
cell lines.
