Indian constitution and human rights: an overview

Abstract

“All Human beings are born equal in dignity and inalienable rights and fundamental freedom.” Respect for the dignity of an individual and striving for peace and harmony in society, has been an abiding factor in Indian culture. Since the days of the Indus Valley Civilization, Indian culture has been the product of a synthesis of diverse cultures and religions that came into contact with the enormous Indian subcontinent over a very long stretch of time. Human rights have always occupied a place of paramount importance in India's rich legacy because India’s believed in the principle, "Vashudheva-kutumbakam. There are many references in the Vedas, which throw light on the existence of human rights in ancient India. The modern version of human rights jurisprudence may be said to have taken birth in India at the time of the British rule. The freedom movement and the harsh repressive measures of the British rulers encouraged the fight for civil liberties and fundamental freedoms. The main objective of this article is to find the origin and development of Human Rights in India. Human rights are essential for the overall development of individuals and this article is to know about the fundamental rights guaranteed to the individuals in democratic India. India is the largest representative democracy in the world, based on universal adult suffrage, providing every Indian of at least eighteen years of age the right to vote. The modern version of human rights jurisprudence may be said to have taken birth in India at the time of the British rule. The Indian Constitution is a document rich in human rights jurisprudence. The Supreme Court of India recognises these fundamental rights as 'Natural Rights' or 'Human Rights'. Judiciary in India plays a significant role in protecting human rights.