نظريات الترجمة

Abstract

:The process of translation is an essential activity that brings cultures and individuals together and allows them to communicate and connect with one another. The translation activity is an old activity, but "translation theories" are not widespread in the world as other sciences, because "translation studies and their theories" did not emerge as a new scientific research until recently. According to Anton Popovic (1987), translation theory is a science which studies the systemic examination of translation and its task is to structure the translation process and the text. Similarly, Peter Newmark (1981) defines translation theory as a body of information related to translation process. Depending on the source material, the translator may deal with the text in his own language's discourse facilities or offer the text in a new manner of expression that is unfamiliar to the reader of his mother tongue. Source language based approaches were replaced by target language oriented approaches as a result of rapidly increasing globalization and, as a result, rapidly increasing communication facilities, international interactions, and increased interest of men in other cultures. In this new approach the general text is of more importance than the words. The goal is to be able to convey the basic idea of the text in the source language to the target recipient, not to translate the words. The target culture reader, just like the source culture reader, is anticipated to be influenced by the text in a target language oriented way. Until now, research has looked into many aspects of the translation process. Translation is a very complicated procedure with pragmatic and communicational components, according to a number of respected specialists in this subject. Hence, this research paper aims to present some of these theories and describe their models and strategies that they have developed to build a scientific methodology for translation, and to study the linguistic basis of those theories of translation. In our study we are going to try to sum up briefly the theories and views of Koller, Reiss & Vermeer Holz Manttari and Christiane Nord etc.