Abstract:
SnO2 is an attractive semiconducting material suitable for application as the photoanode
in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to its wide energy band gap and notable photostability. However, improved solar cell performance can be achieved only by using
composites of SnO2 with other materials like MgO, ZnO, Al2O3, and CaCO3. In this study,
plasmonic DSSCs were fabricated using MgO coated SnO2 (SnO2:MgO) based
photoanodes incorporating gold nanoparticles (Au NP) having a size in the 30 – 35 nm
range and sensitized with ruthenium N719 dye. Photoanodes were characterized by
UV–VIS spectroscopy and the DSSCs were characterized by current-voltage (J–
V) measurements, incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE)
measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the
illumination of 100 mW cm−2 (AM 1.5), the efficiency (η) of the reference DSSC with
pristine SnO2 photoanode was 1.52%, whereas the efficiency of the optimized plasmonic
DSSC with Au NP incorporated SnO2:MgO photoanode (Au: SnO2:MgO) was an
impressive 4.69%. This efficiency enhancement of about 208% compared to the reference
DSSC appears to be due to the increased open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 725.6 and increased
short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 9.06 mA cm−2 respectively evidently caused by
the reduced electron recombination by ultra-thin MgO barrier layer and the enhanced
light-harvesting caused by the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect due to Au
nanoparticles. EIS analysis showed that the incorporation of plasmonic Au metal
nanoparticles lead to a decrease in the series resistance (RS) and the interfacial charge transfer resistance (RCT) at the SnO2/electrolyte interface.
