Abstract:
Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) present a promising approach for advancing solar
energy conversion due to their tunable optical properties, quantum confinements and superior
charge carrier dynamics. This review explores recent innovations in photoanode materials,
focusing on the integration of functional quantum dots such as CdS, CdSe, PbS, and other novel
QD materials like nickel phosphide, plasmonic, carbon/graphene, hexagonal-boron nitride, and
black phosphorus, etc. Several studies show that optimally configured QDSSCs can reach power
conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 8.6% in systems sensitized with PbS/CdS QDs on ZnO
nanorods, marking significant advancements in light harvesting and energy conversion
capabilities. Notably, core-shell architectures such as TiO₂-SiO₂ have been shown to enhance
light scattering and optimize electron transfer pathways, resulting in PCEs of approximately 3.6%,
a substantial increase over conventional designs. The review highlights the design of photoanodes
with enhanced surface area, structural diversity, and light absorption, emphasizing the role of
multi-band energetics, inter-band transitions and composite interactions. Additionally, this
review offers insights into how optimized photoanode morphologies and QD coupling can
mitigate surface charge recombination, enhance catalytic activity, and elevate green hydrogen
production. By addressing key developments in material engineering, this work aims to guide
future research towards more efficient and sustainable energy technologies.
