Abstract:
This paper critically examines the marginalization of geospatial technologies (GSTs) in the Global
South, with a special focus on India and Sri Lanka. While GSTs have revolutionized planning,
resource management, and development in the Global North, their adoption in the Global South
is hindered by persistent digital divides, high costs, limited technical expertise, and infrastructural
deficits. Rural areas, in particular, face challenges in internet connectivity and access to essential
hardware and software, exacerbating inequities in development opportunities. A key issue
discussed is data sovereignty: geospatial data ownership and control are often concentrated in
developed nations and multinational corporations, resulting in a form of data colonialism that
restricts the Global South’s ability to tailor GSTs to local needs. Institutional and policy barriers—
such as inadequate regulatory frameworks, insufficient funding, and lack of robust infrastructure—
further impede the effective use of GSTs. The shortage of education and capacity-building
programs limits the development of local expertise, perpetuating reliance on external actors. The
consequences of this marginalization are profound: ineffective resource management, limited
disaster preparedness, inequitable development planning, and reduced global competitiveness. To
address these challenges, the paper advocates a multipronged approach: investing in digital
infrastructure, promoting local data ownership, strengthening institutional frameworks, building
local capacity, and encouraging international collaboration. The study highlights successful
initiatives such as India’s BharatNet and Digital India programs, Sri Lanka’s National Broadband
Network, and community-based GIS projects that empower local communities. It also
underscores the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern geospatial
technologies, ensuring ethical use, and protecting data sovereignty. The proposed policy
framework combines regulatory reforms, infrastructure development, capacity building, and
inclusive implementation, drawing on best practices from both India and Sri Lanka. In conclusion, bridging the digital divide and empowering the Global South to harness GSTs is essential for
sustainable development, equitable growth, and the preservation of local agency in the digital era.
