Abstract:
Water management plays a crucial role in agricultural sustainability, particularly in regions
dependent on minor tanks for irrigation. Traditionally, minor tanks have been vital sources of
water for farming communities, ensuring a steady supply for irrigation, livestock, and domestic
use. However, climate change, inefficient maintenance, and improper land-use planning have
posed challenges to their sustainability, affecting agricultural output and local livelihoods. The
Kinniya DS Division, located in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka, experiences a dry climate with
seasonal variations in rainfall. The region relies heavily on minor tanks for agricultural irrigation,
especially for paddy cultivation, which is the primary economic activity. The degradation of these
tanks has led to water scarcity, affecting farmers and rural communities. Thus, the study aims to
assess the roles of minor tanks on agricultural development, identify challenges faced in water
management, and propose sustainable solutions for improving irrigation practices in the Kinniya
DS Division. For the study, a mixed-method approach was employed, incorporating both
qualitative and quantitative techniques. Structured interviews, 90 questionnaires and hydrological
assessments of minor tanks using Arc Hydro tools were conducted as primary and secondary data
collection methods, respectively. The study reveals that minor tanks significantly contribute to
agricultural productivity by providing a reliable water source for irrigation. However, poor
maintenance, siltation, and erratic rainfall patterns have reduced their effectiveness. Farmers have
adapted by using alternative irrigation methods, yet water shortages remain a persistent issue. The
lack of proper governance and policy intervention has further aggravated the situation. To enhance
the efficiency of minor tanks, the study recommends adopting integrated water management
strategies, strengthening community participation in tank maintenance, implementing desilting
programs, and incorporating modern irrigation technologies. Additionally, improved policies for
sustainable land use and climate adaptation measures should be introduced.
