Abstract:
This research explores with depth to the Kelaniya Police Division's Crime Pattern and Hotspots
using a Geographic Information Systems approach. This study identifies the major contributing
elements that influence crimes, as well as analyzes spatial and temporal trends, highlighting
hotspots needing special intervention. This integrates both primary and secondary data on crime
records, population density, road networks, land use, and socio-economic variables in one
comprehensive review of the crime dynamics in the region. Advanced GIS methodologies, such
as Kernel Density Estimation and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, were employed to
reveal significant crime hotspots that are located in high-population and commercially active zones.
Temporal analyses show that the crimes have a peak period of time, underpinning the relationship
between the spatial and temporal factors. Some major contributors to the spread of crimes are
inadequate urban design, poor lighting, and lack of surveillance, which together facilitate
conditions that enhance criminal activities. The findings highlight targeted interventions as
critically needed. Specially areas like Peliyagoda, Wattala, Kelaniya town areas show a significant
growth in most of the crime activities overall years and higher level of crime density. Crime
mitigation suggested by the study include enhanced urban planning to guarantee clear sightlines
and regulated access to vulnerable areas, alongside community-driven initiatives put in place to
encourage vigilance and local ownership. Using GIS-based analytical tools, this research provides
evidence-based crime database that can be used by law enforcement agencies in resource
optimization and implementing evidence-based crime prevention. This will, in turn, contribute to
the broader objective of fostering safer and more secure communities within the Kelaniya Police
Division and use other police divisions in the country.
