Abstract:
Water is currently recognized as the most valuable and significant resource that is necessary
for the world's sustainability and the one that is experiencing the biggest problem on a
worldwide scale. Surface water and Ground water are the two categories of water. Like surface
water, Ground water resources are becoming more and more in demand. Significant amounts
of groundwater are used for a variety of purposes, including industry, agriculture, and drinking
water. The objective of the paper is to describe the current and potential effects of the Nanatan
region's growing freshwater resource usage. Groundwater what is it? What elements have an
impact on groundwater resources? What does ground water get used for? What factors caused
to the current surge in groundwater resource consumption? Questions are discussed here,
among other things. Nanatan area is a location with rich subterranean water resources as is
included in the Miocene limestone bedrock zone, which is based on the coastal zone of Sri
Lanka starting from Puttalm to Mullaithivu in the lithological system of Sri Lanka. Apart from
this, the location of Kattukaraikullam in the irrigated area is another factor for water success
in this area. Every home in this area has tube wells and an agricultural well. During the summer
or rainy season, irrigation is carried out for agriculture on one of the most field lands or more
tube wells. These wells are often up to 120 feet deep, and water is raised through pies that are
four inches in diameter. Using subsurface water resources, rice is grown in a one-way fashion
during the summer. The region's groundwater resource has suffered significant harm because
of farmers cultivating on their own property or under lease without any form of water
management initiatives or guidelines. The demand for groundwater resources has increased
because of the region's exceptionally dry summers during the southwest monsoon season,
which runs from May to September. Agricultural (open) wells see a decrease in water level as
a result, and some wells dry out during the months of August and September. In the most of
the villages there scarcity of drinking water and the intrusion of seawater is increasing the
salinity. In addition, there is a risk of calcium deposition in the soil during irrigation with
calcium rich water. When it is used as drinking water, people are exposed to varies diseases
,ignorance of farmers, proper management practices related to irrigation non-following of
instructions, lack of roots during summer, lack of inclination to engage in other business
ventures, indifference of officials etc. Have been identified as the reasons.
