Abstract:
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in
developing nations is severely challenged by
rapid urbanization, population growth, and
constrained infrastructure. This study evaluates
the current MSWM practices in Akkaraipattu, Sri
Lanka, to identify key challenges. Data were
collected through semi-structured interviews with
20 municipal officials and surveys of 385
households, supplemented by field observations
and secondary data from the Akkaraipattu
Municipal Council and local composting plant.
Quantitative analysis revealed that Akkaraipattu
generates approximately 49.75 tonnes of solid
waste daily, with kitchen waste constituting 6.5
tonnes. The average waste collection rate is only
50%, and composting efficiency remains low at
28.8%. Major impediments to effective waste
management include inadequate infrastructure,
limited funding, poor public adherence to waste
segregation, and logistical constraints. Despite
initiatives like community outreach, long-term
success hinges on sustained local involvement
and
I.
INTRODUCTION
Solid Waste Management (SWM) encompasses
the control of waste generation, storage,
collection, transport, processing, and disposal,
adhering to principles of public health,
economics, engineering, and environmental
conservation (Akolkar, 2005). Effective SWM is
crucial
for
environmental
protection,
safeguarding public health, conserving resources,
and ensuring regulatory compliance. However,
improper waste management remains a pervasive
environmental issue, particularly in developing
countries like Sri Lanka. For example,
unorganized systems, lack of public participation,
and
inadequate
treatment
and
disposal
mechanisms lead to significant environmental
degradation and public health risks (Singh et al.,
2011).
stronger
policy
enforcement.
Recommendations include investing in waste-to
energy technologies, expanding composting
facilities, implementing smart collection systems,
enhancing public education, and fostering
public-private partnerships. This study provides
practical
insights
for
policymakers and
communities aiming to transition towards more
sustainable and efficient waste management
systems.
