A comprehensive study of coastal erosion at Oluvil: analyzing the environmental impacts and potential mitigation strategies

Abstract

The construction of the Oluvil Harbour in 2009, intended to promote socio-economic growth in Sri Lanka’s Ampara District, has unintentionally accelerated coastal erosion and caused severe ecological disturbances. This study evaluates the extent of erosion and its consequences from 2009 to 2024 using Google Earth historical imagery, field observations, and other existing studies. Findings reveal a cumulative shoreline retreat of approximately 300 meters north of the harbour, while inland impacts include riverbank erosion along the Kali-Odai River (since 2022). These changes have disrupted fisheries, reduced freshwater availability, and diminished fish population density, threatening both marine and terrestrial livelihoods. management practices Inadequate further waste intensify ecological stress, contributing to pollution and resource depletion. To mitigate these impacts, the study highlights several management strategies: ecosystem-based erosion mangrove restoration, control through soft-engineering techniques such as sand nourishment and dune stabilization, improved solid waste management to reduce coastal pollution, and alternative livelihood programs to safeguard community resilience. At the policy level, strengthening the Coastal Zone Management Plan and enforcing rigorous pre- and post-construction Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are crucial to ensure that future coastal developments balance economic progress with environmental sustainability. The findings underscore the urgent requirement for science based, sustainable management approaches to safeguard Oluvil coastal ecosystems and the livelihoods that depend on them.