Abstract:
Mosquitoes are important vectors of many communicable diseases such as dengue,
chikungunya, lymphatic filariasis, and malaria. Assessing mosquito species diversity in
specific ecological settings is important for effective surveillance and vector management.
The present study investigated mosquito diversity for the first time in two localities of the
Ampara District, Sri Lanka. Kalmunai town area and the premises of the Faculty of Applied
Sciences, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka, Sammanthurai from 1st November 2024 to
1st April 2025. Ovitraps were prepared using 250 ml plastic cups, half-filled with paddy straw
infusions at four concentrations, 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%, while distilled water served
as the control. A small wooden stick was placed in each trap to facilitate oviposition. Ten
households in Kalmunai and six localities within the university premises were selected, with
five Ovitraps (one for each treatment) deployed at each site. Traps were retrieved after 14
days, and eggs and larvae were incubated under controlled laboratory conditions. Emerging
adults were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level using taxonomic keys. Species
richness and relative abundance were analyzed statistically using Shannon–Wiener diversity
indices. Nineteen mosquito species belonging to four genera, Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and
Mansonia, were observed in the Kalmunai region, with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
being the most abundant species. In the Faculty area, five species were recorded, with Aedes
aegypti dominant, followed by Aedes albopictus and Mansonia uniformis. The species
documented during the study, Aedes aegypti, A. albopictus, A. vittatus, A. macdougalli, A.
flavipes, A. dorsalis, A. lankaensis, A. lineatopennis, A. vexans, A. seculatus, A. krombeini,
Anopheles culicifacies, A. subpictus, A. varuna, Culex quinquefasciatus, C. gelidus,
Mansonia uniformis, and M. indicus, constitute the first preliminary inventory of mosquitoes
for the region. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index values were 2.76 for the Kalmunai
region and 1.48 for the Faculty premises, indicating higher species diversity in the former.
Aedes aegypti (34–41%) and Aedes albopictus (28–33%) were the dominant species across
both sites.
