Challenges of eco-tourism and solutions: a case study of Passikuda in eastern part of Sri Lanka

Abstract

Tourism is identified as a fifth economic sector in generating income for the nation and more focus was given on the eco-tourism in post-war scenario and it is recognized as a booming economic sector. Soon after the July riot in 1983, the government has given more priority to develop tourism in the particular area which was severely affected by the war under post-war economic development policy. The Passikuda was promulgated as a tourist attraction in 1971 which located in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka has been identified as the potential eco-tourism sector which reflecting physical and cultural diversity and attracted local and foreign tourists. The study area is surrounded by hard rocks, sea grass and coral reefs which provide habitats for birds and aquatic life and the rocks act as barrier for salt water intrusion. Aftermath of the war, the particular area has been developing under eastern revival program, subjected to positive as well as negative consequences. It is affecting the ecosystem and bio-diversity of the area. At this backdrop, the study has been undertaken to identify the consequences of eco-tourism and to suggest management mechanism to prevent issues. The data gathered from both primary and secondary sources were analyzed in various angles using qualitative and quantitative techniques from 200 sample locations. The study reveals that the tourist activities causing significant environmental and cultural affects such as affect to bio-diversity, sand extraction, drug uses, sexual abuses and the child labourers. The negative impacts could be mitigated through awareness programs, ensure and restructure the existence of traditional culture. The legal measures should be taken to balance the eco-system and to prevent the environmental hazards. Further, the existing laws should be implemented to protect environment. A proper mechanism may also be developed to execute above solutions.